Program Description Toxicologists study the effects and mechanisms of action of toxic substances on living systems. Those systems can be human, plant, animal or microbial and the toxins may be natural or synthetic. The adverse effects caused by toxins may be as mild as to cause an annoyance or as severe as to be a threat to life. Toxicology is an inter-disciplinary field involving chemistry, biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology and risk management. In the biomedical focus, students will concentrate on toxicology as applied to mammalian systems, including humans. The program will include courses in mammalian physiology, pharmacology, and pathology. Students will be concerned with issues such as the risk of cancer from exposure to environmental agents, including both natural and synthetic chemicals. The study of the metabolism of carcinogenic and other toxic substances, and the effects of these substances on DNA will also be discussed. Students will also learn about epidemiology (the distribution of toxic effects on large populations of organisms), how toxic substances act at the molecular level (biochemical toxicology), as well as their effects on the whole animal (toxicological pathology).

